From_my_pen

  Testimony In the field of philosophy, testimony is defined as the intentional transfer of a belief from one person to another. The transfer can be verbal, written, or signaled in some way.  Testimony is an invaluable source of knowledge. This leads to the development of a theory that gives proper credence to testimony's epistemologically dual nature: both the speaker and the hearer must make a positive epistemic contribution to testimonial knowledge.  A testimony can manifest an epistemic value by being evidence for its content. Therefore, competence, conscientiousness, and honesty are also epistemic values. Thus, some moral and social values are epistemic values and have a role to play in the acceptance of scientific beliefs. An example of testimony is the story a witness tells on the witness stand in court. An example of testimony is what a person says about a religious lesson he believes he learned from God. Testimony is an invaluable source of knowledge. We rely on...

 NEW LOOK AT LEARNINIG We all learn throughout our lives. We learn how to tie our shoes, the best route to get to the mall, which friends we can trust, how to find the area of a circle, and how to write a research paper. Surprisingly, very few people are taught how to learn.      1. Knowing how our brain learns All learning begins with sensory information. Our brains are constantly bombarded with information from the body's sensory receptors. Continuous data reports flow from specialized sensory systems (hearing, vision, taste, touch, smell) and from the sensory nerve endings in our muscles, joints, and internal organs. When we review or practice something we've learned, dendrites actually grow between nerve cells in the network that holds that memory. Each time we review that knowledge, this mental manipulation increases activity along the connections between nerve cells. And that makes the memory stay in your brain.     2. K nowing which strategies bring ...

This paper has a dual purpose: it both seeks to introduce the other works in this issue by illustrating how they are related to the field of arguments a whole, and to make clear the tremendous range of research currently being carried out by argumentation theories which is concerned with the interaction and inter-reliance of language and argument. After brief introduction to the development of the field of argumentation, The conclusion makes it clear that these branches of study all are themselves interconnected and that it is the fusion of methodologies and theory from linguistics and the philosophical study of argument which lends this area of research its dynamism. Keywords: Corpus linguistics, argumentation, informal logic, discourse, rhetoric, fallacy. It should be clear at once that arguments are generally expressed in language, and that, therefore, it is both difficult to fully separate them and natural to study them together: both their influence upon one another and the degree...

The term philosophy comes from the Greek for “love of wisdom”. Philosophy of science is one of the formal philosophy that wondered about science and its scientific methods. It can be defined as the study of understanding of scientific things and its scientific processes or methods. Philosophy doesn’t account its processes to limited knowledge, but is concerned with the variety of principles and laws of all things in the nature. Science can be defined as a systematic process that gain up knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. Science is made up of theories that have an observable consequence. Philosophy of science can be divided into four important sections which are the concept of philosophy of science, the relationship between science and philosophy, science and pseudoscience, as well as the scientific method and well known philosophers and scientists. The concept of philosophy of science is concentrated more on the assumptions, foundati...